Tim Ledgeway - Publications

Journal Articles

Hutchinson, C.V., Arena, A., Allen, H.A. & Ledgeway, T. (2012). Psychophysical correlates of global motion processing in the aging visual system: A critical review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 36, 1266-1272. [pdf]

Simmers, A.J., Ledgeway, T., Hutchinson, C.V. & Knox, P.J. (2011). Visual deficits in Amblyopia constrain normal models of second-order motion processing. Vision Research, 51, 2008-2020. [pdf]

Webb, B.S., Ledgeway, T., Rocchi, F. (2011) Neural computations governing spatiotemporal pooling of visual motion signals in humans. Journal of Neuroscience. 31, 4917– 4925 [full text]

Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T.L., Maurer, D., Lee, B., Ledgeway, T., Guillemot, J-P. & Lepore, F. (2010). The effect of displacement on sensitivity to first- and second-order global motion in 5-year-olds and adults. Seeing and Perceiving, 23, 517-532. [pdf]

Allen, H.A., Hutchinson, C.V., Ledgeway, T. & Gayle, P. (2010). The role of contrast sensitivity in global motion processing deficits in the elderly. Journal of Vision, 10(10):15, 1–10, doi:10.1167/10.10.15. [full text]

Hutchinson, C.V. & Ledgeway, T. (2010). Spatial summation of first-order and second-order motion in human vision. Vision Research, 50, 1766-1774. [pdf]

Webb, B.S. Ledgeway, T & McGraw, P.V. (2010) Relating spatial and temporal orientation pooling to population decoding solutions in human vision. Vision Research, 50, 2274-2283. [pdf]

Hutchinson, C.V. & Ledgeway, T. (2010). Temporal frequency modulates reaction time responses to first-order and second-order motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 1325-1332 [pdf]

Stevens, L.K., McGraw, P.V., Ledgeway, T. & Schluppeck, D. (2009). Temporal characteristics of global motion processing revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 2415-2426. [pdf]

Pitchford, N.J., Ledgeway, T., & Masterson, J. (2009). Reduced orthographic learning in Dyslexic adult readers: Evidence from patterns of letter search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62, 99-113. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hutchinson, C.V. (2009). Visual adaptation reveals asymmetric spatial frequency tuning for motion. Journal of Vision, 9(1):4, 1-9, doi:10.1167/9.1.4. [Full text]

Watt, R., Ledgeway, T., & Dakin, S. C. (2008). Families of models for gabor paths demonstrate the importance of spatial adjacency. Journal of Vision, 8(7):23, 1-19, doi:10.1167/8.7.23 [Full text]

Pitchford, N.J., Ledgeway, T. & Masterson, J. (2008). Effect of orthographic processes on letter position encoding. Journal of Research in Reading, 31, 97-116. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hutchinson, C.V. (2008). Choice reaction times for identifying the direction of first-order motion and different varieties of second-order motion. Vision Research, 48, 208-222. [pdf]

Aaen-Stockdale, C.R., Ledgeway, T.& Hess, R.F. (2007). Second-order optic flow deficits in Amblyopia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 48, 5532-5538 [pdf]

Hutchinson, C.V. & Ledgeway, T. (2007). Asymmetric spatial frequency tuning of motion mechanisms in human vision revealed by masking. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 48, 3897-390 [pdf]

Schofield, A. J., Ledgeway, T., & Hutchinson, C. V. (2007). Asymmetric transfer of the dynamic motion aftereffect between first- and second-order cues and among different second-order cues. Journal of Vision, 7(8):1, 1-12, doi:10.1167/7.8.1. [Full text]

Aaen-Stockdale, C.R., Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2007). Second-order optic flow processing. Vision Research, 47, 1798-1808 [pdf]

Hess, R.F., Hutchinson, C.V., Ledgeway, T. & Mansouri, B. (2007). Binocular influences on global motion processing in the human visual system. Vision Research, 47, 1682-1692 [pdf]

Webb, B.S., Ledgeway, T. & McGraw, P.V. (2007). Cortical pooling algorithms for judging global motion direction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 3532-353 [pdf]

Simmers, A.J., Ledgeway, T., Mansouri, B., Hutchinson, C.V. & Hess, R.F. (2006). The extent of the dorsal extra-striate deficit in Amblyopia. Vision Research 46, 2571-2580 [pdf]

Mitchell, P., Ledgeway, T. & Landry, O. (2005). Abnormal motion perception in autism: Implications for primacy, heterogeneity, diagnosis and further research. Current Psychology of Cognition, 23, 143-152

Hutchinson, C.V. & Ledgeway, T. (2006). Sensitivity to spatial and temporal modulations of first-order and second-order motion. Vision Research, 46, 324-335. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2006). The spatial frequency and orientation selectivity of the mechanisms that extract motion-defined contours. Vision Research, 46, 568-578. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hutchinson, C.V. (2006). Is the direction of second-order, contrast-defined motion patterns visible to standard motion-energy detectors: A model answer? Vision Research, 46, 556-567. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T., Hess, R.F. & Geisler, W.S. (2005). Grouping local orientation and direction signals to extract spatial contours: Empirical tests of “association field” models of contour integration. Vision Research, 44, 2511-2522. . [pdf]

Zhan, C., Ledgeway, T. & Baker, C.L. Jr. (2005). Contrast response in visual cortex: Quantitative assessment with intrinsic optical signal imaging
and neural firing. NeuroImage, 26, 330-346. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T., Zhan, C., Johnson, A., Song, Y. & Baker, C.L. Jr. (2005). The direction-selective contrast response of area 18 neurons is different for first- and second-order motion. Visual Neuroscience, 22, 87-99. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hutchinson, C.V. (2005). The influence of spatial and temporal noise on the detection of first-order and second-order orientation and motion direction. Vision Research, 45, 2081-2094. [pdf]

Simmers, A.J., Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2005). The influences of visibility and anomalous integration processes on the perception of global spatial form versus motion in human Amblyopia. Vision Research, 45, 449-460.[pdf]

Wright, M.J. & Ledgeway, T. (2004). Interaction between luminance gratings and disparity gratings. Spatial Vision, 17, 51-74. [pdf]

Hutchinson, C.V. & Ledgeway, T. (2004). Spatial frequency selective masking of first-order and second-order motion in the absence of off-frequency 'looking'. Vision Research, 44, 1499-1510. [pdf]

Ellemberg D., Lewis, T.L., Dirks, M., Maurer, D., Ledgeway, T., Guillemot, J-P. & Lepore, F. (2004). Putting order into the development of sensitivity to global motion. Vision Research, 44, 2403-2411. [pdf]

Allen, H.A., Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2004). Poor encoding of position by contrast-defined motion. Vision Research, 44, 1985-1999. [pdf]

Simmers, A.J., Ledgeway, T., Hess, R.F. & McGraw, P.V. (2003). Deficits to global motion processing in human Amblyopia. Vision Research, 43, 729-738. [pdf]

Hess, R.F. & Ledgeway, T. (2003). The detection of direction-defined and speed-defined spatial contours: One mechanism or two? Vision Research, 43, 597-606. [pdf]

Allen, H.A. & Ledgeway, T. (2003). Attentional modulation of threshold sensitivity to first-order motion and second-order motion patterns. Vision Research, 43, 2927-2936. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2002). Failure of direction-identification for briefly presented second-order motion stimuli: Evidence for weak direction-selectivity of the mechanisms encoding motion. Vision Research, 42, 1739-1758. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2002). Rules for combining the outputs of local motion detectors to define simple contours. Vision Research, 42, 653-659. [pdf]

Dakin, S.C., Hess, R.F., Ledgeway, T. & Achtman, R.L. (2002). What causes non-monotonic tuning of fMRI response to noisy images? Current Biology, 12, R476-R477. [pdf]

Smith, A.T. & Ledgeway, T. (2001). Motion detection in human vision: A unifying approach based on energy and features. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 268, 1889-1899. [pdf]

Te Pas, S.F., Rogers, B.J. & Ledgeway, T. (2000). Curvature contrast in stereoscopically-defined surfaces. Current Psychology Letters: Behaviour, Brain & Cognition, 1, 117-126.

Ledgeway, T. & Hess, R.F. (2000). The properties of the motion-detecting mechanisms mediating perceived direction in stochastic displays. Vision Research, 40, 3585-3597. [pdf]

Hess, R.F., Ledgeway, T. & Dakin, S. (2000). Impoverished second-order input to global linking in human vision. Vision Research, 40, 3309-3318. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Rogers, B.J. (1999). The effects of eccentricity and vergence angle upon the relative tilt of corresponding vertical and horizontal meridia revealed using the minimum motion paradigm. Perception, 28, 143-153. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. (1999). Discrimination of the speed and direction of global second-order motion in stochastic displays. Vision Research, 39, 3710-3720. [pdf]

Smith, A.T. & Ledgeway, T. (1998). Sensitivity to second-order motion as a function of temporal frequency and eccentricity. Vision Research, 38, 403-410. [pdf]

Culham, J.C., Nishida, S., Ledgeway, T., Cavanagh, P., von Grünau, M.W., Kwas, M., Alais, D. & Raymond, J.E. (1998). Higher order effects. In Mather, G., Verstraten, F. & Anstis, S. (Eds.), The Motion After-effect: A Modern Perspective, (pp. 85-124). Cambridge: MIT Press.

Smith, A.T. & Ledgeway, T. (1997). Separate detection of moving luminance and contrast modulations: Fact or artifact? Vision Research, 37, 45-62. [pdf]

Nishida, S., Ledgeway, T. & Edwards, M. (1997). Dual multiple-scale processing for motion in the human visual system. Vision Research, 37, 2685-2698. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Smith, A.T. (1997). Changes in perceived speed following adaptation to first-order and second-order motion. Vision Research, 37, 215-224. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. (1996). How similar must the Fourier spectra of the frames of a random-dot-kinematogram be to support motion perception? Vision Research, 36, 2489-2495. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Smith, A.T. (1995). The perceived speed of second-order motion and its dependence on stimulus contrast. Vision Research, 35, 1421-1434. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. & Smith, A.T. (1994). The duration of the motion aftereffect following adaptation to first- and second-order motion. Perception, 23, 1211-1219.

Ledgeway, T. & Smith, A.T. (1994). Evidence for separate motion-detecting mechanisms for first- and second-order motion in human vision. Vision Research, 34, 2727-2740. [pdf]

Ledgeway, T. (1994). Adaptation to second-order motion results in a motion aftereffect for directionally-ambiguous test stimuli. Vision Research, 34, 2879-2889.

Keane, M.T., Ledgeway, T. & Duff, S.R.S. (1994). Constraints on analogical mapping: A comparison of three models. Cognitive Science, 18, 387-438.

Hammett, S.T., Ledgeway, T. & Smith, A.T. (1993). Transparent motion from feature- and luminance-based processes. Vision Research, 32, 1119-1122.

Keane, M.T., Ledgeway, T. & Duff, S.R.S. (1991). Constraints on Analogical Mapping: The Effects of Similarity and Order. In Hammond, K.J. & Gentner, D. (Eds.), The Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, (pp. 275-280). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.